With a crumbling economy, rampant corruption and unpaid salaries, Iraqi Kurdistan's woes are intricately linked to the wider problems the country faces as a whole.
The powerful cleric's political ambitions have been branded a cynical ploy by youth protesters who have been demonstrating against corruption, a dire economic situation, and state-backed violence.
The execution of 21 men on terrorism-related charges, and warnings hundreds more risk the same fate, have raised fears that Iraq's counterterrorism laws are unfairly targeting Sunni citizens.
While those in official circles are generally in favour of a new US administration under Joe Biden, Iraqi civil society and activists are more divided in their reactions.
A mass killing and an attack on Kurdish political headquarters suggest ethno-sectarian tensions are flaring again, with many questioning whether Iraq can resolve such disputes under its current system.
A drawdown of American diplomacy and the withdrawal of US land forces could instead herald enhanced military involvement in Iraq using air assets and drones.
Iran-backed militias will feel emboldened by a reduction of capable enemies on their doorstep, and could seek to expand their power and influence even further.
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France is eyeing a role in Iraq as the United States continues to drawdown its presence in the country.
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A series of prominent figures, from academics to social media influencers and political activists, are once again being targeted for assassination.
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